Albania is a parliamentary republic with a legal system based on civil law. The legal system is strongly influenced by the Roman-Germanic legal tradition, as well as by the European Union’s legal framework. The Constitution of Albania, adopted in 1998, forms the basis of the Albanian legal system. The Constitution contains a number of fundamental rights and freedoms, including the right to a fair trial, the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, and the right to education.
The main sources of Albanian law are the Constitution, international treaties, and domestic legislation. The Albanian legal system is made up of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is responsible for enacting laws, while the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and carrying out administrative tasks. The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and applying laws.
The Albanian legal system is divided into two distinct areas: public law and private law. Public law includes criminal law, administrative law, constitutional law, and international law. Private law includes civil law, commercial law, labor law, and family law. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Albania and is responsible for overseeing the entire judicial system.
In recent years, the Albanian government has taken steps to modernize the legal system, including the introduction of a new civil code, the adoption of a new criminal code, and the adoption of a new civil procedure code. The introduction of these new codes has helped bring the Albanian legal system in line with European Union standards.